Modern flow chemistry – prospect and advantage

• Philipp Heretsch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 33–35, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.3

• mass transfer of continuous flow reactors. The generation of organolithium species in the presence of carbonyl compounds and their reaction has been facilitated by the extremely fast mixing of reagents and almost instantaneous heat transfer (i.e., cooling) in specifically designed microreactors [5

Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis

• Flavio Fanelli,
• Giovanna Parisi,
• Leonardo Degennaro and
• Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 520–542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.51

• following characteristics: a) fast mixing: in a flow microreactor, in striking contrast to batch conditions, mixing takes place by molecular diffusion so that a concentration gradient can be avoided; b) high surface-to-volume ratio: the microstructure of microreactors allows for a very rapid heat transfer

The in situ generation and reactive quench of diazonium compounds in the synthesis of azo compounds in microreactors

• Faith M. Akwi and
• Paul Watts

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1987–2004, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.186

• -mixer (25 µm channel width) at a flow rate of 30 mL/min had smaller pigment size distribution compared to the batch synthesized pigment. The fast mixing in the micro-mixer was noted to be responsible for the improvement of glossiness (73%) and tinctorial strength (66%) of the yellow pigment thus

Flow microreactor synthesis in organo-fluorine chemistry

• Hideki Amii,
• Aiichiro Nagaki and
• Jun-ichi Yoshida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2793–2802, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.314

• increasingly popular method in organic chemistry [14][15][16][17]. Flow microreactor systems serve as an effective method for precise control of chemical reactions. Not only operational safety, but also extremely fast mixing, efficient heat transfer, and precise residence time control by virtue of the

• conventional batch equipments. There are several beneficial effects using of flow microreactor systems; for instance, extremely fast mixing ability attributed to shortened diffusion path length, and highly efficient heat transfer ability based on large surface-area-to-volume ratio. In some cases, product

Synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted biaryls via sequential lithiation of dibromobiaryls using integrated microflow systems

• Aiichiro Nagaki,
• Naofumi Takabayashi,
• Yutaka Tomida and
• Jun-ichi Yoshida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 16, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.16

• micromixers and four microtube reactors to obtain unsymmetrically substituted biaryl compounds. Keywords: dibromobiaryls; fast mixing; integrated microflow system; selective lithiation; unsymmetrically substituted biaryls; Introduction Unsymmetrical biaryls have received significant research interest

• determined by the manner of mixing (disguised chemical selectivity) [27][28]. To obtain a predictable selectivity close to kinetically based one, extremely fast mixing is necessary. Micromixing based on short diffusion paths proved to be quite effective for this purpose [29][30][31][32][33]. Fast heat

• developed an efficient method for selective monolithiation of dibromobiaryls at 0 °C by virtue of fast mixing in microflow systems. Electrophiles was introduced on one of the aromatic rings with high selectivity. Sequential introduction of two electrophiles by repeating the sequence have also been achieved